How to Write a 12 Essay

How to Write a 12 EssayYou've just come from the library or from a bookstore and you're stuck for ideas on how to write a 12 essay. In this article I'll explain how to go about it and then give you some ideas for sample essays.You will be given a number of examples of sample essays and you should remember that they all seem rather basic. The problem with this is that most students don't have an idea of what a great essay should be like and also they are not that much comfortable writing. The reason you are stuck for ideas is because you don't know how to write a 12 essay.The first thing you need to do is sit down and write a good essay. Don't get too hung up on your grammar or spelling. Most of your friends won't see this and most people will not pay any attention to it. Once you have written it down in a way that makes sense then make a note of it.Remember that the purpose of this essay is to provide your professor with something that he or she can work with. Just imagine the studen t who writes it. It will be full of ideas and may be very detailed.So how do you write a 12 essay? I would start by reading a sample essay and then use the ideas to flesh out your own.You should then keep a few ideas in mind about how to write a 12 essay so that you can construct your own based on that example. Don't worry if you don't understand it. Your instructor will probably point it out to you during the review period.How to write a 12 essay includes writing about any topic that you feel you might be able to cover in your class, while also bringing a personal aspect to it. The example you read is going to show you where to start and how to write a 12 essay.After you have completed writing your first twelve essay, you will find that it is a lot easier. The important thing to remember is that the material you will be taught on how to write a 12 essay at school is rather basic and doesn't require that much of your time.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Essay - 1450 Words

Alejandra Bermudez British Studies Term Paper Elizabeth Garrett Anderson October 18, 2012 Alejandra Bermudez Term Paper October 18, 2012 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Elizabeth Garrett Anderson is often considered to be one of the most significant women in the history of medicine and society, her work is often considered to be a turning point in history. She refused to accept a domestic role and who fought to change the prevalent Victorian attitude that women and men could not be equal. She was the first female doctor in Britain, helped to establish the womens suffrage movement, and provided inspiration to her contemporaries and to those who followed in her footsteps. Over the years she has made a major impact not only in the†¦show more content†¦Eventually, she enrolled as a nurse at Middlesex Hospital and attended lectures given to the male student doctors. This lasted only a few months, as the students complained about her attendance when she started to outshine them in lectures. However, they didn’t stop her, she continued to persevere. This is an example of the attitude barriers that Garrett Anderson had to overcome in order to achieve her goal, as women, again as stated before, were often held back due to the arrangement in society. Elizabeth worked extremely hard to work through all the negative aspect that came along with achieving this profession; it was her drive and ambition that sailed her through. â€Å"She turned to private study and was taught anatomy at the London Hospital and general medicine under the tuition of professors at St Andrews University and Edinburgh University Extra-Mural School†(Brooks 13-15). None of this would have been possible without the continued financial and moral support of her father. In order to practice medicine, Garrett had to gain a qualifying diploma. London University, the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons and other examining bodies refused to allow her to sit their examinations, but she discovered that the Society of Apothecaries did not specifically ban women from taking their exams. â€Å"In 1865 Elizabeth went on to pass theShow MoreRelatedHero Is A Hero Essay1863 Words   |  8 Pagescourageous enough to undertake tasks that other people normally wouldn’t because he wants to make a difference in the world and improve other people’s lives. As a champion of women’s education and professional life in Britain, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson embodies exactly that. Garrett was the first qualified female physician in Britain and, through her determination and bravery, paved the way for women’s education in medicine. She was born in 1836 as the second of ten children to a successful businessmanRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Smallpox Vaccine943 Words   |  4 Pagesoversee the duties that were carried out by servants. As the 19th century continued, a small group of women fought for, and won, the right to study and practice medicine alongside men. In 1859 and 1865 two independent woman, Elizabeth Blackwell and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson were the first to break into the British medical profession. Along with many other women fighting for access to medical education, helped shaped the medical field today. In conclusion, scientific developments in the 19th centuryRead MoreMedicine in the Medieval Period Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagestheir village and local farms as well as their own families and servants. The influence of wise women herbalists on the apothecaries led the Apothecaries guild to admit women. This ancient connection was used much later by Elizabeth Garrett Anderson to allow women back into medicine. In the middle ages the church allowed only men to train as physicians. In the 1600s the church also took over the increasing of all healers. It did not give licenses to wise women orRead MoreSocial And Economic Role Of Women During The Nineteenth Century1786 Words   |  8 PagesFrances Finnegan goes on to say there was an emphasis on the sexual discrimination evident in the punishing of women, but not men, for explicit sex . He goes on to say that this â€Å"epitomised the ‘Double Standard’ of sexual morality† . However, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, who ran the New Hospital for Women in London, felt that the measures implemented because of the Contagious Diseases Act provided the only means of protecting innocent women and children from venereal disease . Judith Walkowitz explainsRead MoreCompare and Contrast - Women5945 Words   |  24 Pagesintellectual freedom, women made significant achievements. During the Middle Ages nuns played a key role in the religious life of Europe. Aristocratic women enjoyed power and prestige. Whole eras were influenced by women rulers for instance, Queen Elizabeth o f England in the 16th century, Catherine the Great of Russia in the 18th century, and Queen Victoria of England in the 19th century. The Weaker Sex? Women were long considered naturally weaker than men, squeamish, and unable to perform workRead MoreThe Development of a Campaign for Womens Suffrage in Early 1870s2125 Words   |  9 Pages By 1870 women had gained the right to vote on school boards and were also granted the right to stand as candidates. In 1970 four female candidates were elected onto school boards across the country. One of these women, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson who stood in Marylebone in London, gained more votes than any other candidate in Britain. In other democratic countries, women were granted the right to vote much earlier than in Britain. In New Zealand they gained the voteRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pages Investments, International Edition, 10th Edition_Herbert B. Mayo (SM+TB) An Introduction to Management Science Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, Revised, 13th Edition _David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, An Introduction to Management Science, 13th Edition_ David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, R. Kipp Martin (SM+TB) An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 3rd Edition _ Jonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis (SM) An IntroductionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTulane University Alan Jackson, Peru State College Christine Jackson, Purdue University Marsha Jackson, Bowie State University Kathryn Jacobson, Arizona State University Paul Jacques, Western Carolina University David Jalajas, Long Island University Elizabeth Jamison, Radford University Stephen Jenner, California State University, Dominguez Hills John Jermier, University of South Florida Jack Johnson, Consumnes River College Michael Johnson, University of Washington David Jones, South University Ray JonesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRobert H. G. Lee, The Manchurian Frontier in Ch’ing History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970); Alan Moriyama, Imingaisha: Japanese Emigration Companies and Hawaii 1894–1908 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985); James Reardon-Anderson, Reluctant Pioneers: China’s Expansion Northward, 1644–1937 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005); Michael Weiner, Race and Migration in Imperial Japan (London: Routledge, 1994). 25. Kingsley Davis, The Population of India and Pakistan (New

Fallacies Analysis Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Appeal to unknowable statistics This is a fallacious argument based on providing doubtful statistical data that will nor probably be checked or verified, or even does not coincide with the assertion. In commercials, we can see the example, e.g. statements that 9 of 10 makeup artists recommend this BB-cream or lipstick. Ad Hominem This type of fallacy implies attacking the opponent rather than his/her arguments, which is often presented in the form of personal remarks about appearance, lifestyle, occupation, tastes and other unrelated domains of one’s life. This is a fallacy, for such appeals are irrelevant in the discussion. The example is the following: a wife asks her husband to drop speed appealing to the argument that the road is slippery and there usually many accidents in such weather. The husband, in his turn, attacks her stating that she doesn’t even have a driver’s license and thus cannot be right Guilt by association Guilt by association is a fallacy used to compromise the opponent who cannot be reproach for anything through attacking people s/he is connected with or through associating the opponent with controversial people. We will write a custom essay sample on Fallacies Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For example, trying to compromise the city mayor attacking his relative who was seen driving under the influence is creating guilt by association. Two wrongs make a right The fallacy to defend and justify one’s right actions with help of referring to someone other acting in the similar way is the fallacy called ‘two wrongs make a right’. People tend to use this fallacy commonly for defending their wrongdoings, while referring to two or more people doing the same makes this action a common practice. There are many examples of this fallacy in our daily life, e.g. crossing the road in an inappropriate place and justifying this action with the fact that other people do it, too. Equivocation This type of fallacy is based on manipulation of the words’ multiple meanings to make a suitable conclusion, yet the conclusion will be irrelevant, if the word meaning used for it is distorted. For example, if the citizens of the country have the right to free speech, then it would be absolutely right to speak one’s mind freely in public places. Here, the word ‘right’ is equivocated. Appeal to ignorance This appeal is used to defeat the opponent’s arguments relying on impossibility to prove his/her position. In other words, one could wrongly equalize impossibility of proving existence of something to the proof of its inexistence.

The Conflict Between The Old World And The New World

From the Roman Empire to the thirteen original colonies, there is one attribute that is present in almost all of history: the desire for power and control. This struggle for supremacy is at the heart of colonialism, where one nation-state takes political control over another and exploits that nation-state economically. The conflict over power in colonialism is especially true in the interactions between the Old World and the New World, when the Western European nations began to colonize the newly discovered Americas. However, the development of colonialism has become less noticeable over time, as the method of colonization continues to change and humans become more and more intelligent. Throughout the history of the New World, the development of colonialism becomes increasingly subtle because of the changing methodologies for colonization and the continuous expansion of human intelligence, which is evident in Pizarro’s conquest of the Incan empire, American colonists’ h istory of injustices toward Native Americans, and the reasoning behind the Mexican American War. Pizarro’s conquest of the Incan empire is illustrative of the nature of colonialism at the very beginning of the discovery of the New World by European explorers. The rapid colonization of the Americas was far from subtle; the Spanish conquistador method of colonialism is rooted in direct conquest through violence and war. The primary motivation behind colonization for the Old World can be summed up in three words:Show MoreRelatedDead Men s Path By Chinua Achebe1008 Words   |  5 Pagesstory elements that Chinua Achebe is able to connect though-out his story, â€Å"Dead Men’s Path† are the main theme of his story old vs. new, and the conflict that rises from these two worlds clashing together over these two very differing ideas. These two elements come together mainly between Achebe and the main characters Michael Obi, and the village priest, but its also seen between Obi and the villagers that live around the school where Obi teaches. These two elements are v ery well described in AchebeRead MoreConflict Between Old And New1526 Words   |  7 PagesFor being such a non-confrontational generation, conflict is something that humans are generally driven towards. The main factor behind the need for creating conflict today stems between those who favor established ideas against those who want challenge these notions and create new concepts for a constantly flourishing society. Examples of conflict in this generation are sparked by many uses of technology. Everyday objects, like cell phones, are in the midst of the heated argument as people believeRead MoreThe Generational Americanization of Immigrants Essay582 Words   |  3 Pagesproblems and conflicts. For instance, the idea of intergenerational conflicts which is referring to as Americanization is a conflict that arises among the Somali community in Minnesota. The controversies surrounds whether or not the child should follow his/her parents traditions or go along with American culture. This is a conflict between a parent of old-world and the child of new world. The older generation has different views and expectations than their decedents of the new generation. The old generationRead MoreEssay about Character Analysis of Tom Buchanan in the Great Gatsby1402 Words   |  6 Pagesshort-tempered brute and misogynistic. Tom is also part of an old and out dated sort of world that is being swamped all-round the edges by a new and better society. That is the reason why he is acting so tough and also why he hates Jay Gatsby so much, it is because he is afraid, afraid that the world that he knows and all the old-fashioned values of love, wealth and masculinity will come crashing down on him. He dislikes Gatsby because he is part of the new generation and he got rich by a different way to himselfRead MoreInternational Conflict Management By Michael Butler1091 Words   |  5 Pagesothers would argue it just it rhymes the past. World War two had many countries involved in the conflict and every country had its own priorities, beliefs, needs and wants, which made it hard for them to establish common ground among each other. Preventing a conflict completely is a suicide mission, that’s one of the reasons nations have come together in power to create a system which can contain both parties from destroying each other. Collective conflict management have emerged during the Cold warRead MoreHow does Williams present conflict between old and new in Scene Two of ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’?1480 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Williams present conflict between old and new in Scene Two of ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’? Williams presents the conflict between old and new in Scene Two in different ways, such as the manner in which Williams portrays the three characters Blanche, Stanley and Stella, as well the added tension through the structure of the scene, and finally in the stage directions. Through the use of these techniques, an atmosphere of tension is seen and felt by the audience, and the contrasts of theRead MoreDiscuss how class conflict is represented in A Streetcar Named Desire. (A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams)1212 Words   |  5 PagesClass conflict is represented throughout the play, A Streetcar Named Desire in various ways through characters, symbols, ideas and language. Characters such as Blanche, Stella, Mitch and Stanley are used throughout the text to represent the upper and lower classes, as well as the conflict between the two classes. Symbols, ideas and language help to define the different classes as well as helping to represent the conflict between classes. The language (dialogue) of the characters, symbolic use ofRead MoreAnalysis of The Elephant Vanishes by Harucki Murakami Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature has adopted new writing aspects as a response of Occidentalism. Some Japanese writers have manifested through their literary works this substitution of culture that besides of being just external changes, it left deep internal conflicts of adaptation in the society. Accordingly, the short story â€Å"The Elephant Vanishes† by Haruki Murakami, one of the most popular Japanese writers of the 21th century, portrays an alienated man who is obsessed with the vanishing of an old elephant and its keeperRead MorePersonal Responsibility toward the Natural World1247 Words   |  5 PagesResponsibility toward the Natural World: The natural world is our only habitat that is a biotic system which experiences much stress to an extent that it threatens to fail in irreversible and significant ways. Currently, most of the huge environmental challenges that confront people such loss of biodiversity, climate change, pollution, and resource depletion have similar emerging patterns. Therefore, numerous changes are required to restore and stabilize the natural world into its functional integrityRead More Post-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict The end of the Cold War meant that the ideological conflict of dominance between East (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe) and West (USA and Western Europe) was over. Contrary to the expectations that world would be much safer in the post-Cold War, United States and Soviet Union were faced with new security issues that they did not know how to deal with. The objective of this essay is to show that with all these changes that

Cue for Treason Peter is a Hero free essay sample

Peter is a Hero A hero is a person who is admired and idealized for their outstanding courage, achievements, or noble qualities. Everybody’s perception of a hero is different, when asked, some might suggest a superhero that wears capes and solves crimes. Others might think of a soldier who fights for their country. In the book Cue for Treason by Geoffrey Trease, fourteen year-old Cumberland man Peter Brownrigg, is the protagonist. His perseverance, allegiance, and compassionate personality traits exemplify his heroism. Peter’s perseverance throughout the book led him to defeat Sir Phillip Morton and his conspirators. Peter was put in very difficult circumstances, such as when he snuck into the â€Å"Yellow Gentleman’s† house and got his stolen play back. Perhaps the author wanted to portray a different type of hero, but when Peter was climbing up the side of the house and-although it was a tough situation-kept going, it showed Peter’s heroic qualities. Peter’s state of mind at the time is unimaginable, he said this as he was climbing â€Å"Each time I put my weight on a fresh dagger, my heart went into my mouth and I heaved myself for the splash below. † (p.  132) Taking on such a job to begin with, is an enormous responsibility, but to do it alone, takes bravery and devotion. Peter displayed his endurance when he was held captive on an island for questioning and said â€Å"I knew I had to fight on. This was no sunny bathing trip. † (p. 201) Despite suffering, Peter was devoted to his mission and had the temerity to carry on. Although Peter’s life was at risk many times in the book Cue for Treason, he was able to endure the struggle. Allegiance-noun: The loyalty of a citizen to his or her government or of a subject to his or sovereign. This perfectly describes Peter’s character and his faithfulness. The first event in the book introduced the reader to the allegiant character, Peter. From then on, he was perceived as a heroic figure. Peter was involved in community outbreaks at a young age, therefore understanding the meaning of loyalty and being faithful to his country. At the age of fourteen, Peter was a part of a night protest against Sir Phillip Morton and ended up throwing a stone at him. Peter had proved that he understood about the malpractice of Sir Phillip Morton that night, ergo the mainstream childhood or background of a hero. When discussing Peter’s escape, this is what his father said â€Å"You dont know the law,†¦ No, they mustnt get hold of him now, while Sir Philips in his mad mood. Besides, we owe it to our neighbours to get him away. If the court lays hands on him, theyll question him about his companions at the time. †Ã‚   (p. 30) When Peter was at risk, the Brownriggs thought not just about themselves and the danger they were in, but also everyone involved in the night protest. Peter was obligated to run away in order to protect them. He demonstrates his loyalty to the queen when he escapes the island where he is held captive to stop the assassination of the sovereign. He swims to get away, in order to reveal what he knew about the conspirators. â€Å"I mustn’t give up, I mustn’t give up. I think I panted the words aloud, above the roaring in my ears. Everything depended on my reaching that thin line of grey shingle, that fringe of oaks and pine. If I give up now, and let myself slip down into the sweet peace of green water the queen would be murdered and the kingdom thrown into anarchy. † (p. 201) A common hero in any fictional story always possesses the traits of a â€Å"perfect human†, such as being loyal, kind, truthful, etc. Throughout the duration of the story, Peter did not just swallow the grief, he remained humane and sympathetic. He won the battle he was personally facing and accomplished what no average boy at his age would. Peter was given many opportunities to become hostile and malevolent but remained gnostic overall, a hero requires these traits. What was astonishing was when Peter was held hostage by Anthony Duncan, one of the conspirators, on an island and was able to escape. Peter had the chance to kill the man but instead just made sure he would not escape. â€Å"I didn’t want to hurt Duncan. He’d been as kind to me as a man could, considering that we were enemies. If he’d been crueler, more ruthless, he would never have given me the chance to hurt him. † (p. 197) Peter realised that he was only as good as his actions. If Peter had killed Duncan, he would not have been as heroic as he appears to be. Peter seems to be obnoxious at the beginning of the book Cue for Treason, especially when the character Kit was introduced and Peter saw her as a threat at the company. As soon as Kit exposed that she was a girl, the unenvious, remorseful side of Peter started to become visible. Kit had run away from home and found herself in theatre, even though women acting was not acceptable at the time. Once Peter knew this, he was empathetic and began to respect Kit very much. He proved the solicitous side of him when the two snuck into the â€Å"Yellow Gentleman’s† house. â€Å"Kit volunteered to look after them. I didn’t like dragging her into danger, but she went haughty at once. † (p. 129) Peter didn’t feel comfortable involving Kit in risky situations and for that reason his character became a good-hearted one. The â€Å"good-guy† of the book Cue for Treason is understood to be Peter Brownrigg. Throughout the book, Peter demonstrated the traits of a typical, fictional hero. He showed endurance, loyalty, and empathy during the book and led the reader to always be supporting him and his motives. Peter had two sides to him that led him to be recognized as the protagonist. He had the persistent, strong side to him that allowed him to win and beat the â€Å"bad-guy† or the antagonist of the story, but he also had the sympathetic, understanding side that tied up the â€Å"hero† package. If Peter was not consistently compassionate he would just be â€Å"Sir Phillip Morton’s enemy† or the book would be about a rivalry. Due to his soft side, the story became a â€Å"good-guy vs. bad-guy† type of novel, Peter evidently being the good-guy.

A Worn Path Phoenix Jackson free essay sample

1. ) The protagonist in â€Å"A Worn Path† is Phoenix Jackson, an elderly black woman who lives along the Natchez Trace. History shows that the Natchez Trace was a road begun in 1806, extending from Mississippi to Tennessee and was approximately 500 miles long. The story depicts Phoenix’s long journey on foot, from her home to Natchez, a small outlying town. The story characterizes both internal and external conflicts in Phoenix’s quest to acquire medicine for her sick grandson. Poor vision, unsteady gait, age, and nature are impediments against Phoenix but she unselfishly presses forward for the health of her grandson. . ) Phoenix faces antagonists both internal and external on her long journey to town. External factors: her obvious age, impaired gait (falling in a ditch), poor vision (she thinks she sees a dancing ghost but really it’s a scarecrow, recalls seeing a two-headed snake, a boy approaches her and offers her a piece of marble cake-no child was present),weather (cold frozen earth), untied shoelaces/attire, wild animals (which she thinks are in her path), bush/thickets (she thinks is a green bush), large log lying in her path, a barbed wire fence, big black dog, hunter. We will write a custom essay sample on A Worn Path: Phoenix Jackson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Internal factors: her conscious (knows stealing is wrong but pockets the nickel anyways), fearless (hunter points the gun at her), and memory loss (can’t remember what she made her long journey for when she gets to the hospital). 3. ) When reading the title of this short story, â€Å"A Worn Path† the theme it hints at is a path worn due to a symbolic journey. After reading the story, the major theme remains the same. The story is set during the Christmas season which may symbolize Christianity. Phoenix represents the true spirit of giving and self-sacrifice when she walks to town for her grandson. The hunter assumes she is going to town to see Santa Claus and the nurse at the hospital dismisses her as a charity case. Despite the obstacles the she faces along her journey, Phoenix is determined to get the medicine needed to treat her grandson. 45. )A Phoenix is a mythical Egyptian bird symbolizing resurrection. After living for centuries, it dies, and rises from its own ashes. Phoenix helps create a theme of life emerging from death in this story. The mythological and Christianity symbolism for Phoenix is why I feel that Welty chose the name as the Protagonist in this short story. The name is significant in this story because it ties the Christian and mythical meaning of Phoenix together . Phoenix is the symbol of perseverance, stamina, and life in the face of hardship and death.

Database Development Example

Database Development Example Database Development – Term Paper Example Database development Functional decomposition, conceptual schemas, enterprise data modelling and the overall development lifecycle process are important terms related to database development. Each of these is discussed briefly in this paper.Functional decomposition is â€Å"the process of breaking down the functions of an organisation into progressively greater levels of detail† (Singh, 2009, p.327). Each function is described in fine detail in terms of the other functions. The purpose is to breakdown the different modules to the simplest unit, which helps to eliminate redundancies, anomalies and any inconsistencies. Singh (2009) gives the algorithm for decomposing R, the universal relation schema, into D, the set of relation schemas which is the decomposition of R, as follows:A conceptual schema describes the data stored in a database management system in terms of its data model (Gupta, 2007, p.4). It is a description of the relations involved, the kind of records contained, and the method for deriving objects conceptually from the objects from an internal perspective. It is distinguished therefore, from the physical and external schemas, which specify the storage details and define the logical records and relationships from an external view.However, the first step in developing a database is enterprise data modelling â€Å"in which the scope and general contents of organisational databases are specified† (ELAC, 2009). It is usually depicted by entity relationship diagrams. The entire â€Å"process of designing, implementing and maintaining a database system to meet strategic or operational information needs of an organisation or enterprise† (Singh, 2009, p.300) is known as the database development life cycle. As such, it is typically a part of the software development life cycle, and its typical components are shown in the diagram below and enumerated as under:Feasibility study and requirement analysisDatabase designDatabase implementData and application conversionTesting and validationMonitoring and maintenance(Source: Singh, 2009, p.301)Database development is clearly a process that requires careful planning commensurate with its complexity. The four terms discussed are all important parts or aspects to ensure the development process is as smooth and efficient as possible and which fulfils the users’ needs.ReferencesELAC. (2009). Database development process. Lecture 2 Notes, East Los Angeles College. Retrieved Dec. 5, 2010 from coursehero.com/file/2584364/Lecture2Notes.Gupta, Aditya Kumar. (2007). Taxonomy of database management system. Firewall Media.Singh, S. K. (2009). Database systems: concepts, design and applications. Pearson Education.